Berlin s Crisis Of The Cold War - 1203 Words

At the end of the Second World War, U.S., British, and Soviet military forces divided and occupied Germany. Also divided into occupation zones, Berlin was located far inside Soviet-controlled eastern Germany. The United States, United Kingdom, and France controlled western portions of the city, while Soviet troops controlled the eastern sector. As the wartime alliance between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union ended and friendly relations turned hostile, the question of whether the western occupation zones in Berlin would remain under Western Allied control or whether the city would be absorbed into Soviet-controlled eastern Germany led to the first Berlin crisis of the Cold War. The crisis started on June 24, 1948, when Soviet forces blockaded rail, road, and water access to Allied-controlled areas of Berlin. The United States and United Kingdom responded by airlifting food and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in western Germany. The crisis ended on May 12, 1949, when Soviet forces lifted the blockade on land access to western Berlin. U.S. Navy and Air Force aircrafts unload at Tempelhof Airport during the Berlin Airlift. (U.S. Air Force) U.S. Navy and Air Force aircrafts unload at Tempelhof Airport during the Berlin Airlift. (U.S. Air Force) The crisis was a result of competing occupation policies and rising tensions between Western powers and the Soviet Union. After the end of the Second World War, the future of postwar Germany was plagued by the divisionsShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Had A Myriad Of Factors That Contributed To1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War had a myriad of factors that contributed to the ignition of the war between the United States and the USSR, but the primary contributing factors, such as the Nuclear Arms Race, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Blockade of Berlin, shows the USSR is to blame for causing the Cold War, even though the United States is responsible because of the policy of containment. The Cold War had many factors that contributed to the start of the war between the United States and the USSR, but theRead MoreWas the Cold War Truly a Cold War? Essay examples1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe ‘Cold War’ is one of the most interesting ‘wars’ fought in world history. The sheer number of countries both directly and indirectly involved is enough to pose the question – To what extent was the Cold War a truly Global War? This essay will examine this idea. It will identify two main areas of argument, focusing on the earlier part of the conflict (1945-1963). Firstly it will examine the growing US and Soviet influence in the world post 1945. Secondly it will examine three main conflicts, theRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words   |  4 PagesDige Li AMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a â€Å"Long Telegram†, it clearly said the strategy of containing SovietsRead MoreCold By: Na Lin Introduction The Cold War Is The Relationship1014 Words   |  5 PagesCold By: Na Lin Introduction The Cold War is the relationship between the US and the USSR after WWII.Different views were clashing. Both sides struggle for dominance. They took every chance they can get to expand in the world.It was a rivalry that was open yet restricted.George Orwell was the first person to use the term â€Å"Cold War† in an article in England in 1945.The first person to used the term in the United States was by Bernard Baruch in a speech in 1947.The Cold War had solidified by 1947-1948Read MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis During The Cold War1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1963 in a setting that was the high point of tension in the Cold War. The most significant background cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the u nderlying cold war ideology of capitalism vs communism. This was dramatically increased by the second key cause, a series of events that quickly built tensions between the super powers from 1959 such as the U2 incident, JFK’s response to the Berlin Wall, and the Bay of Pigs incident. The third cause was the relationshipRead MoreConceptions of the Cold War Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesterm Cold War? The term Cold War can be defined as the period of political impasse which existed between our country (U.S.A.) and U.S.S.R. from the early 1950s until the fall of Communism in the early 1980s. Words and phrases associated with Cold War include, race to arms, race to space, Bay of Pigs, and The Berlin Wall. Did you ever study the Cold War in school? If so, what are some aspects of the Cold War that you remember? 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In the Berlin Crisis, where a significant number of people were leaving East Berlin for West Berlin, Khrushchev played a key role by demanding Kennedy attend a meeting to di scuss the problem, and subsequently disrespecting the young president. Later on, in the Cuban Missile Crisis, where an American U-2 Spy Plane discovered offensive nuclear missiles in Cuba, Khrushchev further complicatedRead MoreEssay on Causes and Effects of the Cold War1384 Words   |  6 PagesCauses and Effects of the Cold War The Cold War, though never involving any fighting on either side, resulted in one of the biggest scares the U.S. society and government had ever experienced. The Cold War was all in all an extended period of political and military tensions between the United States and our allies in the Western Bloc, and the pre-existing Soviet Union and their allies involved in the Warsaw Pact. If not had been dealt with very carefully, the Cold War would’ve gained a new nameRead MoreWorld War I And The Soviet Union794 Words   |  4 PagesDuring World War II, Allies came up with agreements to be imposed on the defeated; however, these agreements broke down quickly after the war. Resentment among the winners became intense. Instead of settling affairs at a peace conference, as they did after World War I, the Allies worked out most of the peace terms through military negotiations right after the war in meetings that lasted until 1963. Some of these settlements included the Soviet Union ex panding westward, Germany being occupied by

Genetically Modified Foods And The United States - 1087 Words

More than sixty countries have a ban, labeling, or restrictions of some sort on genetically modified foods (). The United States is not amongst them. Originally GMOs were introduced to create better yields, tolerate droughts and increase nutrition (). Today GMOs have excided beyond the standards of the past. 80% of the foods sold in the U.S. today are genetically modified. This group of foods include alfalfa, corn, canola, cotton, sugar beets, soybeans, tomatoes, squash, potatoes, oil, golden rice, salmon and many more(). While the production of GMO foods have increased the FDA refuse to regulate it because in 1993 the FDA declared GMOs as â€Å"not inherently dangerous† so they therefore do not need special regulations (). Unlike the United†¦show more content†¦Once the USDA is done with this process it is then shipped to the FDA who do not require companies for consultations, including the effects of the products on people (). Companies who create GMOs feel no pressure to consult the FDA because they are not required to do so. GMO regulation should be taking away from the FDA because the FDA do not address the health concerns of GMO’s, they have done no labeling whatsoever on GMO foods, and GMOs are doing the opposite of what was originally claimed. Instead of decreasing the use of herbicides it has Many health concerns accompany the production of GM foods. Genetic engineering can transfer allergens from foods people are allergic to, to foods they believe to be safe (). A case study by the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrates that when a Brazilian nut was engineered into soybeans people who were allergic to nuts had severe allergy reactions to the product (). If GMO labeling and regulations are not taken seriously people with food allergies have no way of eluding possibly harmful health consequences caused by consumption of GM foods containing concealed allergenic material (). GMOs could also be creating thousands of different

School Of Computing Maths Charles Sturt University-Free Samples

Questions: What's Going On? What Are The Facts? What Are The Issues (Non-Ethical)? Who Is Affected? What Are The Ethical Issues And Their Implications? What Can Be Done About It? What Are The Options? Which Option Is The Best And Why? Answers: 1.An IT personnel is confronted by his senior on the deployment of a newly implemented system. According to the senior officials, who speak on behalf the companys CEO, the system should be delivered the coming Monday, however, because the tester of the system is unavailable (she is sick) this objective will not be met. The supervisor to the IT personnel is not satisfied with the impending outcome and mandates that the initial deployment time must be met regardless of the prevailing conditions. Therefore, the supervisor does not consider the state of the tester, who is sick, nor does he account for the system itself. 2.The system cannot be tested effectively based on the current events because the person responsible is unavailable (she is sick). Moreover, based on the tight deadlines and the system itself, the company cannot be able to substitute the sick personnel in order to test the system. Therefore, regardless of the position taken, the system cannot be delivered by the requested date i.e. coming Monday. From this information, the request made by the supervisor requires the IT personnel to break his ethical conduct and deliver the said system in due time, an unethical outcome that could have been met by his predecessor (ACS, 2014). This unethical conduct i.e. delivering an untested system is the only way to guarantee the deadline is met. 3.First, the supervisor does not consider the state of one of his employees who is currently sick. However, far from this obvious ethical issue comes the dilemma faced by the IT personnel himself. On one hand, he can choose to ignore the request by the supervisor and thus wait until the system is tested for it to be presented but, this could cost him his job. On the other hand, he can present the system untested to the CEO and the clients having fudged or falsified the test. Therefore, one ethical issue in this circumstance is the behaviour of the leader i.e. a misleading leader who requires results regardless of the consequences. Secondly, the IT personnel must choose between his career and the common good (Hanson, 2014). 4.First and foremost, the IT personnel who is directly responsible for the outcome of the system. If he yields to the given request the untested system could fail which may result in unimaginable losses for both the client and the company itself. Secondly, we have the supervisor who led by the CEO requires results despite the cost. To him, the system must be delivered in due time (Monday). Thirdly, the CEO who although not directly involved could face many losses in the future if the untested system fails in its current state, which could include losing the trust of his clients (Hanson, 2014). Finally, the users of the system as they will operate with an untested system that may fail based on the nature of the development process. 5.A Misleading leader the supervisor bullies the IT personnel in order to force the deadline. This could affect the work of the personnel leading to more problems other than those related to the system. Furthermore, to meet the deadline, the developers will have to cut corners which would again affect the overall performance of the system (ACS, 2014). The implications? Professionalism is lost on behalf of the workers who from now on could occasionally break their ethical conduct because the organization seems to reward it. Furthermore, the untested system can develop faults/problems leading to losses for both the developing company and the users. The users will lose the resources they spent on the system and may have to develop an alternative or even source additional resources to fix. Moreover, if the system fails the trust and integrity developed with the clients is lost (Henson, 2014). 6.In this scenario, the choices to a large extent depend on the IT personnel as he holds the keys to the system. For one, he can stand his ground and present his case to the supervisor and CEO. This step would help maintain his integrity, trustworthiness and professionalism to both the organization as well as the client (ACS, 2014). In essence, this is the answer to the ethical dilemma of choosing between his career and the common good. Secondly, both the organization can develop an amicable solution with the clients on the steps to take based on the prevailing conditions i.e. a member of the developing team is unavailable. Therefore, the company must inform the client in advance in order to maintain a good working relationship, which further improves trust and their integrity. 7.From the IT personnel perspective: One, deploy the system having met the wishes of the supervisor, however, this breaks all ethical codes. Two, he stands his ground regardless of the consequences i.e. losing his job. Three, develop an amicable solution that could see the system deployed in due time even though it might fall short of the set deadline. The company: Deliver an untested system. Develop a solution for the prevailing situation by contacting the clients and developing an alternative that fits their timeline 8.From the previous section, the best option would be to develop an alternative solution that would see the system tested accordingly either by the sick employee (after recovery) or by another personnel holding the necessary credentials. Furthermore, since the set deadline cannot be met, the client must be contacted in advance to inform them of the impending outcome. This action may disappoint the clients however, it would help in maintaining the trust and integrity developed throughout the years. Moreover, it ensures the system maintain the utmost standards, a critical item for all modern digital systems that are faced with many operational parameters. References Australian Computer Society (ACS). (2014). ACS Code of Professional Conduct Professional Standards Board Australian Computer Society. Inspiring success. Retrieved 10 August, 2017, from: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/ACS%20Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf ACS. (2014). Code of conduct. Retrieved 10 August, 2017, from: https://www.asc.com.au/assets/downloads/Code_of_Conduct.pdf Hanson. K. (2014). The Six Ethical Dilemmas Every Professional Faces. Verizon Visiting Professorship in Business Ethics. Retrieved 10 August, 2017, from: https://www.bentley.edu/sites/www.bentley.edu.centers/files/2014/10/22/Hanson%20VERIZON%20Monograph_2014-10%20Final%20%281%29.pdf Seach. G. (2009). An explanation of the Doing Ethics Technique. Retrieved 10 August, 2017, from: https://www.homeworkmarket.com/sites/default/files/qx/15/03/03/09/doing_ethics_technique_explanation_0.pdf

Storm on The Island by Seamus Heaney Essay Example

Storm on The Island by Seamus Heaney Paper Hurricane Hits England by Grace Nichols and Storm on The Island by Seamus Heaney Hurricane Hits England and Storm on the Island are poems addressing a similar event, that of a violent storm. However due to the contrast in the poets backgrounds, style and perception they present the event in different ways. The poets have been influenced greatly by their respective backgrounds. Seamus Heaney grew up in agricultural surroundings in rural Derry, inheriting a strong allegiance to farm life from his father. Inevitably much of his poetry stems and is primarily based on his experiences and feel for farm life. Many of Heaneys poems address nature, its beauty and its power. The strength of his poetry lies in his ability to create effective imagery to convey what is a common experience whether its picking blackberries or experiencing a violent storm. In contrast, Grace Nichols experienced very different surroundings growing up. She originally lived in the Caribbean but her career as a writer uprooted her to an unsettled and alienated life in England. She finds it very difficult to surrender her own history and culture and the storm acts as a reminder. This is reflected in the poem. Storm on the Island describes the destructive force that engulfs an island which subjects the inhabitants to constant caution and fear. The poem is written from the point of view of the inhabitants of a remote and exposed island, perhaps somewhere off the Irish coast or even Ireland itself. The islanders are prepared. Their houses are strongly built, low hugging the ground. The earth on the island is barren. There are no trees and when the storm blows full blast they have little protection. The earth is described as wizened or infertile and therefore unsuitable for growing crops. We will write a custom essay sample on Storm on The Island by Seamus Heaney specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Storm on The Island by Seamus Heaney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Storm on The Island by Seamus Heaney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heaney seems initially to address this issue with regret but later acknowledges the practicality of this deficiency, there are no stacks or stooks that can be lost. Heaney quickly dispels any romantic notions the reader may entertain and exposes us to the dangerous reality the island dwellers frequently experience, allowing us to envisage the storm with a degree of empathy. Heaney involves the reader by using common conversational tags, as you see and you know what I mean, and again this allows us to experience similar emotions to the actual victims of the storm. The poem considers the ideas of isolation and living close to nature, but mainly it depicts the destructive powers of nature. It highlights our vulnerability in the face of nature and the fear of a huge nothing. Security contrasts with insecurity. The islanders do all they can to guard against nature. They believe they are safe in their solid stone houses but the storm attacks it brings them fear. They may seem to be part of a comfortable, perhaps beautiful, seascape but when the storm blows up this security is undermined and brings back their fears. Like his other poems Heaney likes to expose how nature can be frightening or ugly like a tame cat/Turned savage. He refers to three of the elements earth, water and air this wizened earth tragic chorus in a gale.. the flung spray. Heaney manages to convey how all of nature can turn against us. The structure of the poem is one stanza of nineteen lines, like the storm it is unbroken. However the iambic pentameter lends itself to reflective, thoughtful tone and provides the poem with a steady rhythm, the natural rhythm of speech, to contrast with the often violent and combative language used to describe the storm. The poem concludes with a couplet with the half rhymes air and fear. The couplet helps to round the poem off, to give it an air of finality. Heaney uses punctuation to enhance and to add effect to the description. Many lines are not end stopped, there is enjambment indicating the relentlessness of the storm. The word Blast is highlighted with the colon, a dash is used to provide the conversational tone you know what I mean leaves and branches. By using punctuation in this way Heaney draws us into the drama of the storm; it is as if we are observers like him. Heaney explores the theme of war and uses various military metaphors in relation to the storm, the wind dives and strafes, while space is a salvo and air is said to bombard. The opening words suggest a readiness for conflict -We are prepared. When nature attacks the salvo is loosed, the island is bombarded, the sea is exploding and the gale pummels the houses. The poem uses the language of war poetry and is reminiscent of the work of First World War poetry. The atmosphere of war achieved serves to intensify the power of the storm while also echoing the sounds present on battlefield. The use of combative and violent words further emphasises the noise of the storm, whether it is the crashing of the waves or the clash of thunder. He identifies the storm as the enemy and suggests that the island inhabitants should endure and remain resolute we just sit tight. Heaney loves to use sound patterns in his poetry and does this effectively to mirror the storm. Alliteration is used well alongside monosyllabic words to build the tension of the storm, Sink walls in rock and roof them with good slate. Onomatopoeia echoes the sound of the storm in words like blast, flung spray and spits. This adds to the imagery created by metaphor and simile. A most evocative image is of the tragic chorus reminding us of death or of the Greek mythologies that Heaney later translates. The simile of the tame cat is also effective in again taking the commonplace and transforming it into something menacing and savage. The mood of the poem is reflective and begins as confident but becomes less so as the poem progresses. The final line of the poem is ambiguous. Heaney says that it is strange but the thing we fear is a huge nothing . It is as if the air and wind are nothing because we cannot see it just like our own intangible or unspeakable fears. This is what Heaney seems to be contemplating through the metaphor of the storm. Another possibility is that the storm is a metaphor of the troubles. Heaney has written frequently on the topic and it certainly impacted on his life in South Derry. Is the fear a fear of peace and of the unknown. We as islanders have always been good in preparing and protecting ourselves in war but not so good in securing peace. Although the poems were written in the modern era and address similar events, they contrast considerably due to the cultural perspectives of the poets. Nichols wishes to convey culture and tradition whereas Heaney wishes to convey nature in its rarest form. Grace Nichols adapts a personal response to the subject matter and also uses the storm as a metaphor. In a poem where we gain a vivid insight to her feelings in relation to the hurricane the hurricane evokes memories and allows the poet to recall her origins, it addresses the poets relationship with the Caribbean, while also identifying her failure to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings of an English landscape. As the poem progresses Nichols finds the solace she seeks and seems to grow more attached to her environment through the message that she feels the hurricane conveys. In 1987, England experienced some unusually strong storms which reached hurricane force. Grace Nichols wrote, It seemed as though the voices of the gods were in the wind, within the Sussex wind. And for the first time, I felt close to the English landscape in a way that I hadnt earlier. It was if the Caribbean had come to England. Fundamentally, therefore the poems are very different. Heaney presents the storm as frightening and Nichols as welcoming. The poem is initially written in the third person but changes in the second stanza where Nichols refers to the first person, now speaking for herself. This is similar to Heaney as he uses first person plural to involve the audience, however Heaney seems to observe the storm and is distant of it. Nichols addresses her storm, wants it to talk to her and explain why it is there. In contrast to Heaney the poem does not adhere to a particular structure or conventional pattern but takes the form of free verse where there is no rhyme scheme and stanzas and lines both vary in length. This allows the poet to state the unpredictability of the hurricane. Nichols frequently moves from cultural contexts, developing and explaining her relationships with the two landscapes- Caribbean and England. This is quite different from Storm on an Island where only one place is focused on. Because of this I think Heaneys poem is more effective in portraying the storm. As an audience we are not distracted by the two cultures that Nichols presents to us. The range of vocabulary is different in Hurricane hits England. Nichols uses the putois form Huracan and names of the gods, Oya and Shngo, of the Yoruba tribe, who were taken as slaves to the Carribean. These are the gods of wind and thunder respectively- they are agents of destruction. The destruction was of course seen clearly in Hurricane Hattie which hit the Caribbean in 1961. this is the hurricane Nichols recalls most vividly from childhood. The inovocation of ancient Gods does lend dramatic effect to the storm just as Heaney uses military words to create drama. We also witness a link between Heaneys tragic chorus and Nichols talking Gods. They both lend a mysticism or spirituality to their storms. Just like Heaney, Nichols creates powerful imagery to convey the ferocity of the storm. She uses metaphors in comparing the wind to a ship, a howling ship that has followed her across the ocean. This metaphor relating to the ocean is sustained when she compares the felled trees to whales, what is the meaning of trees falling heavy as whales. So Nichols extends the metaphor just like Heaney sustains his battle imagery. Nichols continues to question the storm and uses contrasts or oxymorons to highlight the image, the blinding illumination into further darkness, its is reminiscent of Heaneys oxymoron exploding comfortably. The plunge into darkness is simply a power cut but could also reflect Nicholss feelings about her new environment. Nichols brings her poem to a climax by reconciling the two cultures. The warm winds break the frozen lake in me and she realises that the Caribbean and England are part of the same planet, that the earth, is the earth, is the earth. The storm has acted as a unifier and a channel of release for Nichols emotions. The storm in its entirety could be viewed as a symbol of the struggle she has had in adapting to her new culture. We must presume that Nichols is speaking for all Caribbean immigrants, just as Heaney speaks on behalf of the islanders. Nichols uses a very different format to Heaney. She employs consistent repetition, rhetorical questions and short lines designed to increase the intensive effect of the hurricane. Heaney relies more on the effect of language and imagery. Heaneys poem is more enigmatic and universal, it could interpreted on many levels by the audience. Nichols, however, confines her audience to those who can relate to the specific cultures. I feel that her optimistic ending is somewhat unrealistic, we just have to refer to the problem of racism in England for consolidation of my view. Heaney relates to us all who fear the huge nothing and because of this I feel he has been more successful in presenting the storm most vividly.